Homeostasis refers to the body’s tendency to maintain a stable, relatively constant internal environment, which is critical for the survival of every species. Even when the external environment rapidly changes, homeostasis keeps the body’s internal environment constant and steady.
Just as the body seeks homeostasis, the mind does too. The drive-reduction theory of Clark Hull suggests that the primary force behind our behaviour is the need to reduce internal tension. In other words, imbalances create needs, motivating behaviour to restore equilibrium. For example, telling a lie – no, let’s go back even further – simply thinking of telling a lie causes an internal imbalance that will cause us to adjust our behaviour toward restoring internal balance, i.e. telling the truth.
I’ve seen this happen during Truth Verification Examinations. While the examinees insisted on not being involved, the spontaneous response of “YES” to a Relevant Question (directly related to the incident) is a classic example of the drive-reduction theory in action; in the split-second of losing concentration, the process of homeostasis created a need, motivating behaviour to restore internal equilibrium.
Homeostasis could, therefore, potentially explain consciousness in physical terms. Here’s how it connects to emotions:
- Temperature Regulation: We regulate core temperature through the hypothalamus and distributed sensors. This system involves brain regions communicating with the body via the autonomic nervous system.
- Emotions and Equilibrium: Equilibrium feels good, while disequilibrium feels terrible. Strong emotions (e.g., pain, fear, stress (from lying)) interact with the autonomic nervous system, urging changes to restore a better-feeling equilibrium state.
- Fight-or-Flight Response: When an organism perceives a life-threatening danger, the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system produces drastic changes (heart rate, blood pressure, frequency of voice, etc.). These are some of the data parameters measured during Truth Verification. Temperature regulation also kicks in, stabilising the system.
In summary, homeostasis is crucial in maintaining our physical well-being and conscious experience. It’s a fascinating concept bridging the gap between bodily functions and mental states.
